Moreover, ethical recruitment should be considered for sectors particularly vulnerable to brain drain: for example, the global crisis in human resources for health, with severe health worker shortages in parts of Africa in particular, which are compounded by the brain drain, requires a comprehensive and coherent approach to ethical recruitment of health workers[12].

18. Notes with great concern the decline in investment in the knowledge-based economy, the increase in the RD investment gap between the EU and the US, in the 'brain drain' phenomenon and in the concentration of EU firms' transnational RD expenditure in the USA, indicating that the EU is becoming less attractive as a location for RD for industry, and the dramatic decline of risk capital activity; calls on the Member States to increase the number and attractiveness of research positions and improve the career development for researchers in order to prevent the 'brain drain' to the US;

18. Notes with great concern the decline in investment in the knowledge based economy, the increasing RD investment gap between the EU and the US and the 'brain drain' phenomenon on the rise, the growing concentration of transnational RD expenditures of EU firms in the USA, indicating a loss in the attractiveness of the EU as a location for RD for industry and the dramatic decline of risk capital activity; calls on the Member States to increase the number and attractiveness of research positions and improve the career development for researchers in order to prevent the 'brain drain' to the US;

(3 a) The Commission shall make provisions for initiatives to enable third countries and European Union Member States jointly to develop training programmes, student exchanges and scholarships as well as vocational integration grants for those who intend to return to their country of origin order to address the 'brain drain' issue, so that the loss of national intellectual capital ("brain drain") is kept to a minimum for both sides;

There is also Parliamentary added value through the amendments which Parliament will make to this European response to the challenge of global competition between universities. This challenge consists of responding to the brain drain by attracting brains, without imitating formulas from outside Europe, while developing a specific objective: linguistic diversity.

Senator Graham: We are all aware of the potential hazards of a brain drain, but at the same time I am confident that, with the measures being taken by the government, with the restoration to previous levels of medical research funding and other research funding in the country, if there has been a brain drain of any consequence, it will be stopped.