Born in 1956; law graduate (Free University of Brussels, 1979); Special Diploma in International Law (Brussels, 1980); Doctor of Laws (1989); Head of the Legal Service of the Société anonyme du canal et des installations maritimes (Canals and Maritime Installations Company), Brussels (1979-84); official of the Commission of the European Communities (Directorate-General for Social Affairs, 1984-88); member of the Legal Service of the Commission of the European Communities (1988-94); Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (1994-2005); Lecturer at the University of Charleroi (international and European social law, 1989-91), at the University of Mons Hainault (European law, 1991-97), at the University of Liè ...[+++]ge (European civil service law, 1989-91; institutional law of the European Union, 1995-2005; European social law, 2004-05); numerous publications on the subject of European social law and constitutional law of the European Union; Judge at the Civil Service Tribunal since 6 October 2005; President of the Civil Service Tribunal since 7 October 2011.

Born 1952; law degree at the University of Vilnius (1974-79); Doctor of Legal Science of the Law University of Lithuania (1999); Member of the Lithuanian Bar (1979-90); Member of the Supreme Council (Parliament) of the Republic of Lithuania (1990-92), then Member of the Seimas(Parliament) of the Republic of Lithuania and Member of the Seimas‘ State and Law Committee (1992-96); Judge at the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania (1996-2005), then Adviser to the President of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court (from 2006); Lecturer in the Constitutional Law Department of the Law Faculty of Mykolas Romeris University (1997- ...[+++]2000), then Associate Professor (2000-04) and Professor (from 2004) in that department, and finally Head of the department (2005-07); Dean of the Law Faculty of Mykolas Romeris University (2007-10); Member of the Venice Commission (2006-10); signatory of the act of 11 March 1990 re-establishing Lithuania’s independence; author of numerous legal publications; Judge at the Court of Justice since 6 October 2010.

It should contain one or more items from a scheme containing values for civil law, commercial law, family law, insolvency law, private international law, criminal law, EU law, administrative law, tax law, international public law and constitutional law, and may contain a more specific description of the field of law.

Born 1931; Professor of Constitutional Law and General and Comparative Public Law at the Universities of Padua, Bologna and Rome; Member of the High Council of the Judiciary (1976-78); Member of the Constitutional Court and President of the Constitutional Court (1986-87); Minister for Community Policy (1987-89); elected to the European Parliament (1989-94); Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1994 to 31 December 1994; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 1 January 1995 to 14 December 1999; Judge at the Court of Justice from 15 December 1999 to 3 May 2006.

Effectiveness of law enforcement activities should build upon observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms as protected by international, European and constitutional traditions common to Member States.

It is also empowered to decide upon constitutional petitions submitted by individuals who consider that their constitutional rights have been violated by the final acts of state authorities or bodies of local or regional self-government.