whether Google has illegally hindered the development and market access of rival mobile applications or services by requiring or incentivising smartphone and tablet manufacturers to exclusively pre-install Google’s own applications or services; whether Google has prevented smartphone and tablet manufacturers who wish to install Google's applications and services on some of their Android devices from developing and marketing modified and potentially competing versions of Android (so-called “Android forks”) on other devices, thereby illegally hindering the development and market access of rival mobile operating systems and mobile applicat ...[+++]ions or services; whether Google has illegally hindered the development and market access of rival applications and services by tying or bundling certain Google applications and services distributed on Android devices with other Google applications, services and/or application programming interfaces of Google.

In recent years, Android has become the leading operating system for smart mobile devices in the EEA, to the extent that today, the majority of smartphones in Europe are based on Android.

In our lifetimes, we have used 8-track, 8mm film, 16 mm film, records — including 78s, 45s, and LPs on wax and on vinyl — all manner of tapes, CDs, DVDs, mp3s, Blu-ray, FLV files, Polaroids, Morse code, telegrams, telexes, fax machines, party-line phones, dialed phones, push button phones, car phones, cordless phones, cellphones and now smartphones, and so on.

Tom Stamatakis, president of the Canadian Police Association, said it well when he said that right now we are asking police to rely on “typewriters and rotary phones while criminals have smart phones and tablets”.

Companies such as EnStream are at the forefront of the smart phone payment systems, using leading-edge, near-field communications technology to turn smart phones into mobile wallets.

Services are converging and moving from the physical into the digital world, universally accessible on any device, be it a smartphone, tablet, personal computer, digital radio or high-definition television.