‘user’ means any truck or commercial vehicle driver, dispatcher, haulier, traffic management body, or any other body such as cargo owners, insurance companies, road authorities, and police forces.

06 Where a dispute arises concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, the place of the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight is or could have been arrested 07 Domicile of the policyholder, the insured or the beneficiary in insurance matters

06 Where a dispute arises concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, the place of the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight is or could have been arrested 07 Domicile of the policyholder, the insured or the beneficiary in insurance matters

Neither the international regime for the civil liability and compensation of oil pollution nor that relating to pollution by other hazardous or noxious substances provides sufficient dissuasive effects to discourage the parties involved in the transport of hazardous cargoes by sea from engaging in substandard practices; the required dissuasive effects can only be achieved through the introduction of penalties applying to any person who causes or contributes to marine pollution; penalties should be applicable not only to the shipowner or the master of the ship, but also the owner of the cargo, the classification society or any other per ...[+++]son involved.

(7) Neither the international regime for the civil liability and compensation of oil pollution nor that relating to pollution by other hazardous or noxious substances provides sufficient dissuasive effects to discourage the parties involved in the transport of hazardous cargoes by sea from engaging in substandard practices; the required dissuasive effects can only be achieved through the introduction of sanctions applying to any person who causes or contributes to marine pollution; sanctions should be applicable not only to the shipowner or the master of the ship, but also the owner of the cargo, the classification society or any other ...[+++] person involved.

(3) The Community is seriously concerned about the pollution of the seas and coastlines of the Member States caused by discharges of waste and cargo residues from ships, and in particular about the implementation of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (Marpol 73/78) which regulates what wastes can be discharged from ships into the marine environment and requires States Parties to ensure the provision of adequate reception facilities in ports.