After the transfer of responsibility, monitoring should be reduced to a level which still allows for identification of leakages or significant irregularities, but should again be intensified if leakages or significant irregularities are identified.

The report assesses compliance with the Regulation on the basis of the ten core passenger rights listed in the Communication on Passenger Rights on all modes of transport[9]: non-discrimination, assistance for persons with disabilities or reduced mobility, information, reimbursement, rerouting or rebooking, assistance in case of disruption, compensation, liability towards passengers and luggage, complaint handling, application and enforcement.

The temporary exemption should, however, not apply to the provisions of this Regulation that grant disabled persons or persons with reduced mobility access to travel by rail, nor to the right of those wishing to purchase tickets for travel by rail to do so without undue difficulty, nor to the provisions on railway undertakings’ liability in respect of passengers and their luggage, the requirement that undertakings be adequately insured, and the requirement that those undertakings take adequate measures to ensure passengers’ personal security in railway stations and on trains and to manage risk.

Corruption during general or local elections or within parliament reduces accountability and representation, corruption within the judiciary negates the rule of law, and corruption within the public sector leads to unfair distribution of social services.

Whereas Directive 84/5/EEC, as amended by the Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal, reduced considerably the disparities between the level and content of compulsory civil liability insurance in the Member States; whereas significant disparities still exist, however, in such insurance cover;

When the injured person is at fault, the producer’s liability may be reduced.