R. whereas the various codes of conduct adopted by suppliers of digital content and services do not always satisfy the requirements of European or national legislation in respect of transparency, independence, confidentiality and the processing of personal data, and may present risks in terms of profiling for commercial purposes, other forms of exploitation such as sexual abuse, and even human trafficking;

R. whereas the various codes of conduct adopted by suppliers of digital content and services do not always satisfy the requirements of European or national legislation in respect of transparency, independence, confidentiality and the processing of personal data, and may present risks in terms of profiling for commercial purposes, other forms of exploitation such as sexual abuse, and even human trafficking;

If one looks at recital 24 of the directive, even the Code of Conduct, which has now happily become legally binding, is left to the discretion of the Member States.

By making this amendment to the criminal code, provincial authorities would have the discretion to pursue the most serious cases of poaching either through the criminal code or via their respective provincial legislation as they see fit.

This was the least intrusive set of basic requirements we were able to come up with. Those requirement would be that: the leadership selection code would have to be in writing and publicly available, whatever it was; the code would constitute a law of the band, thereby enforceable by the courts; there would have to be an independent appeals process, which could be provided by the independent institution that we recommended; and that there be a means for the membership of the bands to amend the code by broad consensus or to decide to come under the default regime.

1. Minimum standards Under the present Anti-Dumping Code a number of issues are left to the discretion of the investigating authorities.