In line with the cases described in Article 4 of Decision No 1926/2006/EC [OJ L 404 of 30 December 2006], beneficiaries may be higher education institutions, students or teachers, officials responsible for enforcing consumer protection legislation, or European consumer organisations.

A full retrial would reduce the value of the first instance proceedings before the Community Patent Court and risk carrying the trial into the appeal instance before the Court of First Instance which would then risk that it would not be able to properly fulfil its function as an appeal instance, namely to concentrate on specific issues singled out by the parties for more detailed review at a higher level.

The improved efficiency and quality of the asylum process should (a) enable MS to quicker distinguish between asylum seekers and other migrants in mixed arrivals, thus optimising labour and administrative resources needed to establish and complete applicable procedures (return, asylum, humanitarian status, extradition etc.); (b) allow the asylum authorities to take robust decisions, based on complete and properly established factual circumstances of the claim, improve the defendability of negative decisions and reduce risk of their annulment by appeal bodies; (c) enable the asylum personnel to better identify cases of unfounded and abusive applications, including those based on false identity or nationality ; (d) reduce MS' reception cos ...[+++]ts and support their efforts to remove failed asylum seekers from the territory since quality determinations will be delivered quicker and more cases will result in a final decision already in the first instance.

subsequently, before a higher independent body, which may be a judicial authority or an equivalent specialised body, according to the provisions in force in the Member States.

- Firstly, in the context of Chapter 28 of the negotiations, the Commission closely monitors the candidate countries' commitments to build up a fully functioning public internal financial control system (PIFC) and to further develop the external audit systems for which the Supreme Audit Institutions are responsible.

Under Article 41-2 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure, the Public Prosecutor may, provided that a prosecution has not already been brought, suggest a settlement to an adult who recognises having committed one or more offences punishable by a maximum of three years imprisonment, consisting of one or more of the following measures: 1) paying a "settlement fine" to the public treasury not exceeding EUR3750 or half of the maximum fine incurred; 2) surrendering to the state the means of committing the offence or the profit from it; 3) surrendering his driving licence to the regional court for a maximum of six months, or his hunting pe ...[+++]rmit for a maximum of four months; 4) carrying out unpaid community service for a maximum of 60 hours over a maximum period of six months; 5) undertaking a training period or course in a health, social or professional organisation for a maximum of three months over a maximum period of 18 months.