Hyperventilation syndrome

Acidotic hyperventilation

Definition: A condition, so far found only in girls, in which apparently normal early development is followed by partial or complete loss of speech and of skills in locomotion and use of hands, together with deceleration in head growth, usually with an onset between seven and 24 months of age. Loss of purposive hand movements, hand-wringing stereotypies, and hyperventilation are characteristic. Social and play development are arrested but social interest tends to be maintained. Trunk ataxia and apraxia start to develop by age four years and choreoathetoid movements frequently follow. Severe mental retardation almost invariably results.

Definition: Symptoms are presented by the patient as if they were due to a physical disorder of a system or organ that is largely or completely under autonomic innervation and control, i.e. the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital systems. The symptoms are usually of two types, neither of which indicates a physical disorder of the organ or system concerned. First, there are complaints based upon objective signs of autonomic arousal, such as palpitations, sweating, flushing, tremor, and expression of fear and distress about the possibility of a physical disorder. Second, there are subjective complaints of a nonspecific or changing nature such as fleeting aches and pains, sensations of burning, heaviness, tightness, an ...[+++]d feelings of being bloated or distended, which are referred by the patient to a specific organ or system. | Cardiac neurosis Da Costa's syndrome Gastric neurosis Neurocirculatory asthenia Psychogenic forms of:aerophagy | cough | diarrhoea | dyspepsia | dysuria | flatulence | hiccough | hyperventilation | increased frequency of micturition | irritable bowel syndrome | pylorospasm

Infrequent: Abnormal chest sounds, apnea, bronchospasm, emphysema, hyperventilation, increased sputum,

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: Lung edema, hyperventilation, hypoxia, hemoptysis, hypoventilation, pneumothorax;

Sevoflurane may increase intracranial pressure at concentrations of 2.0 MAC and above under normal partial pressures of carbon dioxide (normocapnia), but intracranial pressure has been shown to remain within normal range at sevoflurane concentrations of up to 1.5 MAC if hypocapnia is induced by hyperventilation.

In dogs with head injuries or other conditions placing them at risk from increased ICP, it is recommended that hypocapnia be induced by means of controlled hyperventilation as a means of preventing changes in ICP.