Tous les pays prévoient des sanctions, dont la nature est différente selon les pays : sanctions civiles (F, P), le plus souvent pénales : Irlande ("offence"), Allemagne, Finlande, France (pour les secrets de fabrication).
All countries provide for penalties, but their nature differs from one country to another. Sometimes civil penalties are stipulated (F, P), but as a rule sanctions are of a penal nature: Ireland ("offence"), Germany, Finland, France ("manufacturing secrets").