E. whereas women tend to be disproportionately represented in the flexible and part-time employment market because of gender stereotypes in our society which depict women's primary responsibility as being the family carer, and whereas they are therefore deemed to be more suited than men to working on a temporary, casual or part-time basis or to working from home; whereas flexible working time arrangements, including teleworking and part-time or home-office work, are still largely considered as a ‘female’ way of organising working time;

E. whereas women tend to be disproportionately represented in the flexible and part-time employment market because of gender stereotypes in our society which depict women’s primary responsibility as being the family carer, and whereas they are therefore deemed to be more suited than men to working on a temporary, casual or part-time basis or to working from home; whereas flexible working time arrangements, including teleworking and part-time or home-office work, are still largely considered as a ‘female’ way of organising working time;

all cash benefits, other than an unemployment benefit or an early old-age benefit, provided from a specified age to workers who have reduced, ceased or suspended their remunerative activities until the age at which they qualify for an old-age pension or an early retirement pension, the receipt of which is not conditional upon the person concerned being available to the employment services of the competent State; "early old-age benefit" means a benefit provided before the normal pension entitlement age is reached and which either continues to be provided once the said age is reached or is replaced by another old-age benefit.

‘pre-retirement benefit’ means: all cash benefits, other than an unemployment benefit or an early old-age benefit, provided from a specified age to workers who have reduced, ceased or suspended their remunerative activities until the age at which they qualify for an old-age pension or an early retirement pension, the receipt of which is not conditional upon the person concerned being available to the employment services of the competent State; ‘early old-age benefit’ means a benefit provided before the normal pension entitlement age is reached and which either continues to be provided once the said age is reached or is replaced by anoth ...[+++]er old-age benefit.

In some cases, however, benefits are accrued only through longer-term employment relationships, possibly because jobs in which fewer hours are worked typically do not possess the confidential nature that is an essential feature of salaried work.

In some cases, however, benefits are accrued only through longer-term employment relationships, possibly because jobs in which fewer hours are worked typically do not possess the confidential nature that is an essential feature of salaried work.