Controlling the vehicle; taking into account: proper use of safety belts, rear-view mirrors, head restraints; seat; proper use of lights and other equipment; proper use of clutch, gearbox, accelerator, braking systems (including third braking system, if available), steering ; controlling the vehicle under different circumstances, at different speeds; steadiness on the road; the weight and dimensions and characteristics of the vehicle; the weight and type of load (categories B+E, C, C+E, C1, C1+E, D+E, D1+E only); the comfort of the passengers (categories D, D+E, D1, D1+E only) (no fast acceleration, smoothly ...[+++]driving and no hard braking);

Technological developments with regard to tyres (reduced amount of water projection by heavy duty vehicles' tyres, improved road holding in slippery conditions, alert system in the event of under-inflation) should in the short term make for reduced fuel consumption and road noise while maintaining a high level of safety.

objective: to know the technical characteristics and operation of the safety systems so as to control the vehicle, minimise wear and prevent malfunctions guidelines: braking, ABS, retarder, speed governor: operating principles, specific features of hydraulic vacuum servobrake circuit, limits to the use of brakes and retarder, combined use of brakes and retarder, use of braking systems on different types of road and under different atmospheric conditions, stopping and braking distance, making better use of speed and gear ratio, making use of vehicle inertia, using ways of slowing down and braking on downhill stretches, effects of weights ...[+++]and dimensions, controls and checks which are the responsibility of the driver, action in the event of failure;

guidelines: braking, ABS, retarder, speed governor: operating principles, specific features of hydraulic vacuum servobrake circuit, limits to the use of brakes and retarder, combined use of brakes and retarder, use of braking systems on different types of road and under different atmospheric conditions, stopping and braking distance, making better use of speed and gear ratio, making use of vehicle inertia, using ways of slowing down and braking on downhill stretches, effects of weights and dimensions, controls and checks which are the responsibility of the driver, action in the event of failure;

1.1. 2 braking, ABS, retarder, speed governor: operating principles, specific features of hydraulic vacuum servobrake circuit, limits to the use of brakes and retarder, combined use of brakes and retarder, use of braking systems on different types of road and under different atmospheric conditions, stopping and braking distance, making better use of speed and gear ratio, making use of vehicle inertia, using ways of slowing down and braking on downhill stretches, effects of weights and dimensions, controls and checks which are the responsibility of the driver, action in the event of failure;

From an initial speed of not less than 50 km/h, on a surface with a coefficient of adhesion of 0,3 (8) or less, the brakes of the laden vehicle shall be fully applied for a time t, during which time the energy consumed by the indirectly controlled wheels shall be taken into consideration and all directly controlled wheels shall remain under control of the anti-lock braking system throughout that time.