112. Calls on those Member States which over the last few years have used their judicial institutions, or are planning to change their legislation in that way, to violate the right of reporters to confidentiality of sources as well as of journalists and of editors to publish information, to improve their legislation and their practices in keeping with the ECtHR's judgment of 27 March 1996 and the Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the right of journalists not to disclose their sources of information , since violation of that right is nowadays the greatest threat to reporters" freedom of expression in ...[+++] the EU and there has been no significant improvement in this situation over the last few years;

112. Calls on those Member States which over the last few years have used their judicial institutions, or are planning to change their legislation in that way, to violate the right of reporters to confidentiality of sources as well as of journalists and of editors to publish information, to improve their legislation and their practices in keeping with the ECtHR's judgment of 27 March 1996 and the Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the right of journalists not to disclose their sources of information , since violation of that right is nowadays the greatest threat to reporters" freedom of expression in ...[+++] the EU and there has been no significant improvement in this situation over the last few years;

111. Calls on those Member States which over the last few years have used their judicial institutions, or are planning to change their legislation in that way, to violate the right of reporters to confidentiality of sources as well as of journalists and of editors to publish information, to improve their legislation and their practices in keeping with the European Court of Human Rights judgment of 27 March 1996 and the Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the right of journalists not to disclose their sources of information, since violation of that right is nowadays the greatest threat to reporters’ fr ...[+++]eedom of expression in the EU and there has been no significant improvement in this situation over the last few years;

Typical examples are methods of assessing manufacturing and distribution costs, production secrets (that is to say, a secret, commercially valuable plan, formula, process or device that is used for the making, preparing, compounding, or processing of trade commodities and that can be said to be the end product of either innovation or substantial effort) and processes, supply sources, quantities produced and sold, market shares, customer and distributor lists, marketing plans, cost price structure, sales policy, and information on the ...[+++]internal organisation of the undertaking.

* After communication of the statement of objections, parties may request to have access to the Commission's file in order to verify the results of the investigation and examine for themselves the sources upon which the Commission based its objections (subject to the legitimate interests of preservation of business secrets and commercially sensitive information).

Secondly, and as an exceptional and transitional system, it has been stated that certain States, Belgium, Austria and Luxembourg to be precise, should apply, in place of this information exchange – in other words, instead of the lifting of banking secrecy – a system for deduction at source.