15. Expresses concerns at the insufficient implementation of provisions on infrastructure charges, especially the absence of performance schemes in order to improve the performance of the railway network and of tariff systems based on the direct costs of rail services, as well as the lack of independent determination of infrastructure charges by the infrastructure manager;

(29) In order to supplement and amend certain non-essential elements of this Regulation and in particular to promote the uniform application of environmental charging, reinforce the Union-wide coherence of environmental charging and to ensure common charging principles in relation to the promotion of short sea shipping, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the Commission in respect of common classifications of vessels, fuels and types of operations according to which to vary the infrastructure charges and common charging principles for port in ...[+++]frastructure charges.

Parliament had repeatedly called in vain for the financing of security charges to be regulated, particularly in the negotiations on Regulation (EC) 300/2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation security and repealing Regulation (EC) 2320/2002 (Costa report) and on Directive 2009/12 on airport charges (Stockmann report).

In particular, the amount is determined by the Danish authorities; the obligation to pay the licence fee does not arise from a contractual relationship between TV2 and the person liable to pay but simply from the fact of owning a television or radio receiver; where necessary, the licence fee is collected in accordance with the rules on the collection of personal taxes; and, lastly, it is the Danish authorities that determine TV2’s share of the income from licence fees.

In particular, FRAND commitments can prevent IPR holders from making the implementation of a standard difficult by refusing to license or by requesting unfair or unreasonable fees (in other words excessive fees) after the industry has been locked-in to the standard or by charging discriminatory royalty fees.

(14) Moreover in order to allow the monitoring of interconnection obligations under competition law, the cost accounting system implemented with regard to the provision of voice telephony and public telecommunications networks should, during the time period necessary to allow for effective market entry, clearly identify the cost elements relevant for pricing interconnection offerings and, in particular for each element of the interconnection offered, identify the basis for that cost element, in order to ensure in particular that this ...[+++]pricing includes only elements which are relevant, namely the initial connection charge, conveyance charges, the share of the costs incurred in providing equal access and number-portability and of ensuring essential requirements and, where applicable, supplementary charges aimed to share the net cost of universal service, and provisionally, imbalances in voice telephony tariffs. Such cost accounting should also make it possible to identify when a telecommunications organization charges its major users less than providers of voice telephony networks.