In many fields research is impossible without access to supercomputers, analytical facilities, radiation sources for new materials, clean rooms and advanced metrology for nanotechnologies, specially equipped labs for biological and medical research, databases for genomics and social sciences, observatories and sensors for the Earth sciences and the environment, high-speed broadband networks for transferring data, etc.

Radical breakthroughs with a transformative impact increasingly rely on intense collaboration across disciplines in science and technology (for instance, information and communication, biology, bioengineering and robotics, chemistry, physics, mathematics, medicine modelling, E arth system sciences, material sciences, neuro- and cognitive sciences, social sciences or economics) and with the arts, behavioural sciences and humanities.

39. X-ray transmission imaging : X-ray transmission imaging uses X-rays to produce images (radiographs) like a medical X-ray, penetrating clothing and the body.

The Commission services also provided in 2013 a working document containing templates for the provisions of an ERIC based on the experience gained in the application process of the first ERICs in order to facilitate the drafting of the provisions by the applicants and achieving a more coherent set of provisions for the ERICs without prejudice to the flexibility and adaptation necessary for reflecting the diverse character of the various ERICs in terms of structure (single sited, distributed, virtual) and in terms of areas of research (social sciences and humanities, environmental sciences, energy, biological and medical sciences, materials and analy ...[+++]tical facilities, physical sciences and engineering).

In its preliminary implementation report following the December emergency appeal, UNWRA also raises concern about serious difficulties in the delivery of food, the delivery of construction material, medical items and other essential supplies.

Some categories of electrical equipment are excluded from the scope of the Directive: not only equipment covered by other Community directives (e.g. medical electrical equipment or electricity meters), but also household plugs, electric fence controllers and specialised electrical equipment for use on ships, aircraft or railways.