It addresses a number of topics such as transport (including new mobility concepts, transport organisation, logistics, transport systems safety and security), environmental issues (reduction of greenhouse gases, air pollution and noise) urban planning (new concepts for bringing work and living closer together), and has an important impact both at the economic and social levels (new business creation, employment, social inclusion, housing and location strategies).

2. The competent authorities of the Member State of establishment shall issue the holder with the original of the Community licence, which shall be kept by the carrier, and the number of certified true copies thereof corresponding to the number of vehicles used for the international carriage of passengers at the disposal of the holder of the Community licence, whether those vehicles are wholly owned, or held in another form, particularly under an instalment-purchase, hire or leasing contract.

provide effective protection from exposure to tobacco smoke in indoor workplaces*, indoor public places, public transport and, as appropriate, other public places, as specified in Article 8 of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and its corresponding guidelines for implementation.

reducing the demand for travel, for example by reversing the trend for housing, jobs, schools, etc. to disperse to places which are hard to reach except by car.

means of transport used outside the undertaking or workplaces situated inside means of transport.

In the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, where public health questions are also within the field of competence of the Länder, provisions on banning smoking in public places are not uniform. However, smoking is generally banned in schools and other educational establishments and non-smoking areas are provided in certain forms of transport. In BELGIUM, FRANCE and SPAIN, the law sets out in detailed form the places where smoking is banned. This ban covers most premises accessible to the public, with particular stress on establishments for young people or where health care is given. However, Belgian and Spanish legislation provides that in some a ...[+++]reas where the ban applies an area may be set aside for smokers. Smoking areas are also authorized on certain forms of transport. It shoule be noted that in the event of a dispute, Spanish legislation provides that the right to health of non-smokers prevails over the rights of smokers in all places where the right to health of non-smokeres might be affected. In DENMARK a Government decision establishes that, within its area of competence, the Government should measures to ban or restrict smoking in some public places and some public transport before 1 July 1988. In IRELAND an Order of July 1988 allows the adoption of legislative measures to ban or restrict smoking in some public places. In GREECE, ITALY and PORTUGAL there are restrictions on the use of tobacco in some public places and forms of transport. In the NETHERLANDS restrictions are generally confined to hospitals and places of entertainment. In LUXEMBOURG restrictions are limited to public transport and places of entertainment.