below-cost price

below-cost pricing

prime cost sum

feed-in remuneration at cost | remuneration for input of electricity [ CRF ]

cost | cost price | first price | net price | prime price | self price

cost price

cost-plus pricing

at cost

cost-plus

Whereas Chinese prices to third markets were only slightly lower than Chinese prices to the Union, Indian prices to the Union were substantially lower than Chinese prices to the Union.

The negative trends can be explained by the cumulative effect of a series of factors that, acting altogether, further deteriorated the state of the Union industry which was still in a fragile situation: the continued presence of Chinese dumped imports, albeit in limited volumes as compared to the original investigation, at levels significantly undercutting Union producers' prices; a substantial decline in investment in the worldwide oil and gas industry, which is the largest market for the product concerned; and a surge of low priced imports from third countries (most notably India, but also Ukraine), which put a strong downwards price ...[+++] and volume pressure on the Union industry.

While Europe has never been a cheap energy location, in recent years the energy price gap between the EU and major economic partners has further increased: on average, EU industry gas prices are now three to four times more expensive than comparable US, Indian and Russian prices, 12% more than China's, comparable to those of Brazil and less than those of Japan.

In terms of new products or technologies, it's also frequent—and I'll talk a little bit about that—to develop a market in the early phases of a product, when the costs are still high, at a price that consumers are prepared to pay but is below cost, and probably below what wholesale would be.