The Commission assessed the price undercutting during the review investigation period by comparing the weighted average sales prices per product type of the three sampled Union producers charged to unrelated customers on the Union market, adjusted to an ex-works level; and the corresponding weighted average prices at CIF Union frontier level per product type of the imports from the sampled producers to the first independent customer on the Union market, with appropriate adjustments for post-importation costs. The price comparison was made on a type-by-type basis for transactions, duly adjusted where necessary, and after deduction of reb ...[+++]ates and discounts.

If prices which are below costs at the time of sale are above weighted average costs for the period of investigation, such prices shall be considered to provide for recovery of costs within a reasonable period of time.

The extended period of time shall normally be one year but shall in no case be less than six months, and sales below unit cost shall be considered to be made in substantial quantities within such a period when it is established that the weighted average selling price is below the weighted average unit cost, or that the volume of sales below unit cost is not less than 20 % of sales being used to determine normal value.

However, a more targeted solution might be to apply those of the country of litigation, but adjust them by means of a "corrective factor" or "weighting" which would take account of the differences in the cost of living in the two countries involved or, alternatively, to apply the more flexible and objective test which allows the authorities to take into account both the applicant's disposable income and the likely cost of the lawsuit.

Dumping (a) In line with standard Commission practice, normal value was based either on the weighted average resale price in Japan over the entire investigation period (April 1986 to March 1987) or, where appropriate, on weighted average cost of production inclusive of a reasonable amount for sales, general and administrative costs and profit.

- 2 - Dumping - In line with standard Commission practice, normal value was based either on the weighted average resale price in Japan over the entire investigation period (April 1986 to March 1987) or, where appropriate, on weighted average cost of production inclusive of a reasonable amount for sales, general and administration costs and profit.