‘compression-type refrigerating appliance’ means a refrigerating appliance in which refrigeration is effected by means of a motor-driven compressor.

Excludes the following energy products: refinery feedstocks, additives/oxygenates, biofuels, other hydrocarbons, ethane, motor gasoline, biogasoline, aviation gasoline, gasoline type jet fuel (naphtha type jet fuel or JP4), white spirit and SBP, and lubricants.

The primary energy ratio (PER) is given by: COP × 0,40 (or COP/2,5) for heat pumps with electrically driven compressors and by COP × 0,91 (or COP/1,1) for heat pumps with gas driven compressors, where 0,40 is the current European average electricity power generation efficiency including grid losses and 0,91 is the current European average gas efficiency including distribution losses.

The reductions can be secured by using alternative fuels and propulsion systems but also through greater use of hybrid engines, improved petrol engines, greater use of diesel engines and by downsizing of engines supplemented by turbo-chargers, as well as through further development of powertrains, reductions in vehicle weights through greater use of aluminium, installation of stop-start mechanisms, enhanced gearing, improved aerodynamic design, use of reduced friction lubricants and ball bearings, installation of more efficient air conditioning systems and use of low roll resistance ...[+++] tyres.

It is crucial to strike a precarious balance, such that the extra cost of new diesel vehicles is not so great that consumers will either opt for petrol cars (which would have an adverse impact on emissions of CO2 and fuel consumption) or prefer second-hand cars (which will not, on balance, make the existing vehicle park any cleaner).

This Directive establishes limit values for emissions from petrol and diesel engine passenger cars and light commercial vehicles.