All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units blast furnace, hot metal treatment units, blast furnace blowers, blast furnace hot stoves, basic oxygen furnace, secondary metallurgy units, vacuum ladles, casting units (including cutting), slag treatment unit, burden preparation, BF gas treatment unit, dedusting units, scrap pre-heating, coal drying for PCI, vessels preheating stands, casting ingots preheating stands, compressed air production, dust treatment unit (briquetting), sludge treatment unit (briquetting), steam injection in BF unit, steam generation plant, converter BOF gas cooling and miscellaneous are included

Quantities of coking coal and/or bituminous coal (generally referred to as PCI) and coke oven coke transformed in blast furnaces.

Although the effects are technology-specific, Commission analyses show that some of the envisaged technologies could reduce NOx and SO2 emissions significantly (by around 80% and 95% respectively in comparison with traditional pulverized coal power plants).

This is where there is a clear difference between, for example, Greece and the Netherlands, because many Greeks still heat their homes inefficiently with coal, whilst the Dutch have highly efficient gas heating.

It may also be noted that, in the powdered coal injection sector alone, the share of the spin-off attributable to ECSC research had totalled ECU 400 million by the end of 1990.

The pellets are then pulverized and blown in like pulverized coal.