human observational studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, other observational studies, such as case reports.

human intervention studies, randomised controlled studies, other randomised studies (non-controlled), controlled (non-randomised) studies, other intervention studies.

The same was done for the two previous studies carried out last year for the Commission in the field of car distribution: the study on car price differentials, by consultants K.U. Leuven and C.E.P.R., and the paper on the link between sales and after-sales by the consultancy firm Autopolis .

In preparation for the 2002 review, the Commission has recently started a number of studies on different areas covered by the Directive: on the development of new advertising techniques in the various media, the impact of measures to promote the distribution and production of European television programmes and the most recent technological and market developments in the sector.

The methods of work included: - studies of individual categories of market barriers (e.g. frontier delays); - studies of how individual manufacturing industries are affected (e.g. food-processing, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, telecommunications equipment ...); - studies of how individual service sectors are affected (e.g. financial and business services, telecommunications...); - studies of the main economic phenomena that are relevant (e.g. economies of scale, structure of industries, the incidence of competition on corporate behaviour...) - a survey of the opinion of 11,000 industrialists, covering all countries and branches of industry; - econometric modelling work for integrating the results of the microeconomic data into overall m ...[+++]acroeconomic results. - 3 - The results of the study will be set out in a book by Mr Paolo Cecchini and his colleagues. This book will appear in all Community languages, and will be distributed by private publishers in the Member States.

The projects selected are the following: In Italy: * Adjustment of track clearance on the Modane-Turin-Bari railway route: sections Modane-Turin/Bologna-Ancona-Bari (ECU 5.75 million) * Brenner Line - doubling-up of the Brenner-Verona-Bologna railway line (ECU 2.9 million) In Spain: * M 40 feeder road south of Madrid: sections NIII - NIV, NIV - N401, N401-NV (ECU 2.9 million) * preliminary studies into the construction of the Madrid-Barcelona high speed railway line (ECU 0.4 million) In Portugal: * Lisbon-Evora-Elvas (Madrid) railway line (ECU 4.8 million) In the United Kingdom * "UK East Coast Motorway" study (ECU 0.2 million) * A20/M20 ...[+++]: sections Folkstone-Dover/Maidstone-Ashford (ECU 4.8 million) - 2 - In France * RN 28, Abbeville-Rouen section (ECU 3.9 million) In Belgium * Paris-London-Brussels-Amsterdam-Cologne high speed railway line: section Brussels-Aachen (ECU 19.65 million). In Denmark * Electrification of the Ringsted-Odense railway line (ECU 4.8 million) In Greece * Evzoni-Athens-Corinth motorway: sections Elefsina- Corinth/Malakassa-Inofita (ECU 6.7 million) In the Netherlands * Boxmeer-Venlo-Germany motorway (ECU 2.9 million) In Luxembourg * Luxembourg South East ring-road (ECU 2.4 million) Cross-border Projects * Construction of a new railway across the Alps between Lyon and Turin - feasability study (ECU 0.2 million) * Further studies into the Brenner Tunnel project: . feasability study on the possibilities of private investment for the Brenner Tunnel; . further investment in the tunnel to facilitate combined transport on the Brenner axis (EUC 0.2 million) The financing will take the form of subsidies to the Member States or to the bodies authorized to carry out the work.