(e) in the case of seabed investigations at well-sites, all sidescan sonar records and mosaics, fathometer records, sub-bottom profile records, grab samples, cores, and seabed photographs; and

There are underwater listening devices in the Canadian Arctic.

That white paper discussed an upgrade of the Aurora aircraft, to provide more surveillance. The defence white paper also talked about nuclear-powered submarines to provide subsurface surveillance.

q. Self-contained, closed or semi-closed circuit (rebreathing) diving and underwater swimming apparatus.

Capt(N) M.F. Williamson: I believe the other diesel-electric submarines of this size and capability at the time were the Dutch Walrus class, the Australian Collins class, and a variety of German-built submarines.

On the other hand, it's perhaps so modest that it does raise some sovereignty protection implications, which the committee might like to address. In terms of possible measures we could take, I'll run through these very fast: additional land, sea, and air deployments from southern Canada; improved multi-agency data sharing and analysis; the creation of a modest, and I stress modest, northern training centre; the retention and upgrading of the Arcturus, Arctic sovereignty aircraft, or what was nominally supposed to be an Arctic sovereignty aircraft but is now scheduled to be disposed of; acquire a supplement to the Twin Otter aircraft currently stationed in Yellowknife; acquire and we're looking at naval options an ice-capable seabed ope ...[+++]rations vessel; explore a full range of space-based sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles, and subsurface surveillance systems, northern terrain vehicles; explore the utility of high-frequency surface wave radar in the north I believe Dr. Leggatt spoke to you about that and acknowledged that it had some potential utility, but there were limitations; and, in the longer term, continue to explore the potential for installing air-independent propulsion power plants on the four recently acquired submarines.