Reference for a preliminary ruling — Supreme Court of the United Kingdom — Interpretation of Council Directive 97/81/EC of 15 December 1997 concerning the Framework Agreement on part-time work concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC (OJ 1998 L 14, p. 9) — Meaning of ‘part-time workers who have an employment contract or employment relationship’ (clause 2.1 of the directive) — Part-time judges — Difference in treatment, as regards the right to an old-age pension, between full-time and part-time judges, or between different kinds of part-time judges

- A progressive de-standardisation of individual working time, with increasing variation of working times throughout the year or the working life, along with more flexible practices in companies (flexitime, annualisation of working hours, time banks, time credits, etc.).

A number of factors directly relating to working time are covered by the Agreement between the social partners: length of shifts, weekly working time, break time during a shift, the amount and quality of sleep before a shift, day or night work, the starting time of a shift, working time regularity and predictability, the number of consecutive shifts and the way in which working time is organised.

A number of factors directly relating to working time are covered by the Agreement between the social partners: length of shifts, weekly working time, break time during a shift, the amount and quality of sleep before a shift, day or night work, the starting time of a shift, working time regularity and predictability, the number of consecutive shifts and the way in which working time is organised.

The overall attractiveness of a job covers a number of dimensions: satisfaction with pay and working conditions; health and safety at the workplace (public authorities and employers need to assess and control the risk factors relating to an increasingly ageing work force); balance between flexibility and security in contractual relationships (high rates of voluntary part-time work are associated with higher participation rates among women and older workers; conversely, involuntary part-time work and fixed-term contracts are associated with higher exit rates into either unemployment (15%) or inactivity (10%).); productivity improvemen ...[+++]ts; flexible work organisation and working time arrangements that improve access and choice especially of women and older workers.

- one or more areas for data relating to driving time, to other periods of work and availability to breaks from work and to rest periods for drivers.