In terms of areas of cost, the following might merit examination: transportation costs, including air, auto carriers, reefers, flat decks, LTL, small packages and related costs, especially gasoline; compliance costs like packaging and labelling; non-tariff barriers like service and warranty exclusions in automotive and others; occupancy costs, including possible subsidization of anchor tenants by smaller retailers at rental rates that were previously $5 to $10 per square foot higher in Canada; labour costs, even though that was not as important previously; and provincial, state and local taxes.

‘wood packaging material’ means wood or wood products used in supporting, protecting or carrying a commodity, in the form of packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, pallets, box pallets and other load boards, pallet collars and dunnage, actually in use in the transport of objects of all kinds; processed wood produced by glue, heat or pressure or a combination thereof and packaging material entirely composed of wood of 6 mm of thickness or less are excluded;

Transportable pressure equipment shall be understood as including gas cartridges (UN No 2037) and excluding aerosols (UN No 1950), open cryogenic receptacles, gas cylinders for breathing apparatus, fire extinguishers (UN No 1044), transportable pressure equipment exempted according to 1.1.3.2 of the Annexes to Directive 2008/68/EC and transportable pressure equipment exempted from the rules for construction and testing of packaging according to special provisions in 3.3 of the Annexes to Directive 2008/68/EC;

At the moment Decision 2006/133/EC does not provide for requirements to be applied on movements of susceptible wood, originating in areas other than the demarcated areas in the form of dunnage, spacers and bearers, including that which has not kept its natural round surface, as well as in the form of packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, pallets, box pallets and other load boards, pallet collars, whether or not actually in use in the transport of objects of all kinds (hereafter ‘susceptible wood packaging material’ ...[+++]) from the demarcated areas to other areas in Member States or in third countries as well as movement of these materials from part of the demarcated area in which PWN is known to occur to the part of the demarcated area designated as buffer zone.

susceptible wood in the form of dunnage, spacers and bearers, including that which has not kept its natural round surface, as well as in the form of packing cases, boxes with exception of boxes entirely composed of wood of 6 mm of thickness or less, crates, drums and similar packings, pallets, box pallets and other load boards, pallet collars, whether or not actually in use in the transport of objects of all kinds, that wood shall not be allowed to leave the demarcated area; the responsible official body may grant an exception from this prohibition where that wood has been subject to one of the approved treatments as specified in Annex ...[+++]I to the FAO International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No 15 on Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade and marked according to Annex II to the said Standard’.

The FAO International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No 15 on Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade (2) contains phytosanitary measures in respect of movement of wood packaging material in the form of packing cases, crates, drums, pallets, load boards, pallet collars and dunnage, aiming at reducing the risk of introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests associated with wood packaging material, made of coniferous and non-coniferous raw wood, in use in international trade.