In order to simplify the assessment of compliance with ELV, carried out in accordance with Article 4, in specific non-uniform conditions, criteria of spatial averaging of measured fields based on established dosimetry will be laid down in the practical guide referred to in Article 13.

As, however, all contracts falling within its scope involve sensitive information, it is proposed that the scope be uniformly defined in Article 1.

2. Notes that, through ERTMS, digital technology will be applied uniformly to European rail infrastructure as well, thus enabling congestion at junctions and bottlenecks to be eliminated, without need for costly new building; notes, however, that during the migration stage considerable additional costs will be incurred, which will be economically impossible for building firms to meet on their own; considers that continuous traction without time-consuming changes of locomotive and driver when ...[+++] crossing a border cuts costs and journey times and increases the reliability of the service;

2. Notes that, through ERTMS, digital technology will be applied uniformly to European rail infrastructure as well, thus enabling congestion at junctions and bottlenecks to be eliminated, without need for costly new building; notes, however, that during the migration stage considerable additional costs will be incurred, which will be economically impossible for building firms to meet on their own; considers that continuous traction without time-consuming changes of locomotive and driver when ...[+++] crossing a border cuts costs and journey times and increases the reliability of the service;

2. Notes that, through ERTMS, digital technology will be applied uniformly to European rail infrastructure as well, thus enabling congestion at junctions and bottlenecks to be eliminated, without need for costly new building; notes, however, that during the migration stage considerable additional costs will be incurred, which will be economically impossible for building firms to meet on their own; considers that continuous traction without time-consuming changes of locomotive and driver when ...[+++] crossing a border cuts costs and journey times and increases the reliability of the service;

These proposals, which will have to take account of the need to modernize the existing provisions, will relate to: . determination of the physical scope of the tax, including the precise definition of taxable transactions (uniform definition of the supply of goods, the concept of the supply of services, the fact that the supplies are made for consideration, etc.); the precise determination of the territorial scope of the tax will be looked into in phase three; . definition of the concept of the taxable person for VAT purposes (which involves reviewing the VAT status of public bodies, the consequences of treatment a ...[+++]s a non-taxable person, etc.); . determination of the taxable amount for taxable transactions; . exemptions: maintenance or abolition and, in any event, harmonization of exemptions, consequences for the right to deduct, etc.; . the right to deduct: conditions giving rise to and governing exercise of the right to deduct, procedures, harmonization of the non-deductibility of certain items of expenditure, deductible proportion (general proportion, actual application), i.e. the ratio of deductible transactions to non-deductible transactions (because exempt or outside the scope of the tax).