the actual electrical resistance provided by the fastening system (section 5.3.2 requires a minimum electrical resistance of 5 kΩ. However, a higher electrical resistance may be required to ensure compatibility with the chosen control command and signalling system).

For electricity networks, the goals of transforming the current electricity grids into a resilient and interactive (customers/operators) service network, removing the obstacles to the large-scale deployment and effective integration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation (e.g. fuel cells, microturbines, reciprocating engines) and improving the quality of supply (in terms of voltage quality and energy delivered) will also necessitate the development and demonstration of key enabling technologies (e.g. innovative ICT solutions, storage technologies for RES, electronic metering and Automated Meter Management systems, power electronics ...[+++]and HTS devices, ICT control systems for active networks management, efficient work force management, etc. ).

For electricity networks, the goals of transforming the current electricity grids into a resilient and interactive (customers/operators) service network, removing the obstacles to the large-scale deployment and effective integration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation (e.g. fuel cells, microturbines, reciprocating engines) and improving the quality of supply (in terms of voltage quality and energy delivered) will also necessitate the development and demonstration of key enabling technologies (e.g. innovative ICT solutions, storage technologies for RES, electronic metering and Automated Meter Management systems, power electronics ...[+++]and HTS devices, ICT control systems for active networks management, efficient work force management, etc.).

Approaches with critical equipment failures (e.g. electrical systems, auto flight systems, ground and/or airborne ILS/MLS systems and status monitors);

To ensure that the on-board equipment for the control-command systems may be universally used for new rolling stock accepted for operation upon the trans-European high-speed network, there shall be applied to the electrical environment of the rolling stock and the susceptibility of the interoperable control-command system to electrical interference a common specification of electromagnetic compatibility as defined in Annex A, index 4a.

Today, the Europe of the Fifteen has no less than sixteen electric signalling systems, six electrical voltages, five track gauges and several equipment and therefore infrastructure gauges.