1. The ESDC shall be organised as a network bringing together civilian and military institutes, colleges, academies, universities, institutions and other actors dealing with security and defence policy issues within the Union as identified by Member States and the EU ISS (‘institutes’) to support the conduct of training activities in the field of CSDP.

Member States may exclude from the application of this Directive vehicles used by, or under the control of, the armed forces and civil defence.

Technology such as the gathering and analysis of high resolution satellite images, air patrolling, the operation of unmanned platforms, the detection and analysis of underwater sounds, which so far are typical defence capabilities, are increasingly perceived as being valuable for civilian use.

Considers that the European Union's capacity to prevent, respond to, manage and resolve crises has proven to be insufficient, and requests the Council, following its previous recommendations on the establishment of a European Civil Peace Corps, to gradually transform the civilian aspects of the European Security and Defence Policy into a ‘Civil Peace Service’ for the management of short-term civilian crises and longer-term peace-building; is of the opinion that, within this framework, the European Union should strengthen civil society networks on the ground — at sub-national, national and regional levels — so as to foster confidence-bui ...[+++]lding, capacity-building, monitoring and awareness-raising, thereby supporting the institutionalisation of civil society participation in regional and sub-regional peace and security structures;

Co-ordination will be guided by the unifying authority of the mayor and his representative, the municipal co-ordinator of public security.

Although some space capabilities have to remain under exclusive national and/or military control, a number of areas exist where increased synergies between civilian and defence activities will reduce costs and improve efficiency.