An in-depth reform comprising Acts Nos 581/2004 and 580/2004, which entered into force on 1 January 2005 (the ‘2005-reform’), altered the rules for the redistribution of the collected health insurance contributions and changed the legal form of all insurance companies (whether State-owned or in private ownership) from legal entities sui generis to incorporated limited liability companies (i.e. profit-seeking joint stock companies of private law).

Article 4(2) of Council Directive 69/335/EEC of 17 July 1969 concerning indirect taxes on the raising of capital, as amended by Council Directive 85/303/EEC of 10 June 1985, must be interpreted as precluding a Member State from reintroducing a capital duty on a loan taken up by a capital company, if the creditor is entitled to a share in the profits of the company, where that Member State has previously waived the levying of that tax.

In order to facilitate rights clearance, rightholders, cultural institutions and collecting societies must work together.

In order to facilitate rights clearance, rightholders, cultural institutions and collecting societies must work together.

"Council Directive 92/12/EEC of 25 February 1992 on the general arrangements for products subject to excise duty and on the holding, movement and monitoring of such products as amended by Council Directive 92/108/EEC of 14 December 1992 must be interpreted as not precluding the levying of excise duty in Member State A on goods released for consumption in Member State B, where the goods were acquired from a company, X, for the use of private individuals in Member State A, through a company, Y, acting in return for payment as agent for those individuals, and where transportation ...[+++] of the goods from Member State B to Member State A was also arranged by company Y on behalf of those individuals and effected by a professional carrier charging for his services"

coordinates regional and cross-border infrastructure initiatives in areas such as allocating capacity and levying charges on users;