multipoint-ring configuration

multiple point-to-point configuration

telecontrol configuration

ring local area network | ring LAN | ring network

fiber-optic loop | fiber-optic ring | fiber loop | fibre loop | FL | fiber ring | optical loop | optical ring network | SONET ring

ring-operated network

layered feedforward network [ multilayer feedforward network ]

ring network [ loop network | looped network ]

belt system [ circle system | ring system | loop system ]

Access network | Local loop

This includes, inter alia: (i) access to the civil engineering infrastructure; (ii) unbundled access to the copper and fibre loops; (iii) unbundled access to the copper sub-loop; (iv) non-physical or virtual network access; and (v) wholesale broadband access (bitstream services) over copper and fibre networks (comprising, among others, ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL and Ethernet).

“local sub-loop” means a partial local loop connecting the network termination point to a concentration point or a specified intermediate access point in the fixed public electronic communications network; ”

In circumstances where unbundled access to local loop or sub-loop is not technically or economically feasible, relevant obligations for the provision of non-physical or virtual network access offering equivalent functionality may apply.

In order to provide broadband Internet services to end-users, new entrants have no other option, save the building of an alternative local access network , but to contract (one of) the three types of wholesale products available to them, all of which are built on Telefónica’s nation-wide local access network (ranked according to the network deployment requirements, depending on the level of capillarity of Telefónica's network at which new entrants interconnect): (1) local wholesale access or local loop unbundling , (2) regional (bitstream) wholesale access and (3) national wholesale access .