This Directive should not apply to supplementary pension schemes or, where applicable, sub-sections of such schemes that have been closed with the effect that no new members can be accepted because the introduction of new rules could place an unjustifiable burden on such schemes.

supplementary pension schemes that, on the date of entry into force of this Directive, no longer accept new active members and remain closed to them.

This Directive should provide for a flexible entry system based on demand and objective criteria, such as a valid work contract or a binding job offer that specifies the essential aspects of the contract or employment relationship.

Canada's existing closed marketing system for supply management is outdated and is costly to Canadians.

Your rapporteur notes, further, with regard to Spain, that a university study - no precise official figures are available - claims that 80% of the persons held under category 1 conditions - or under a closed or special regime (persons covered by the FIES regime and Article 75 of the Prison Rules - are serving their sentences at some distance from their own place of residence. Persons subject to such a regime may be held in prisons far away from their place of residence only in cases of exceptional danger and where there is adequate justification for such a step; the study claims that in Spain such measures are applied as an additional p ...[+++]enalty.

Closed and overregulated regimes are currently stunting economic development even in some of the most dynamic economies.