They apply to vessels of all sizes and can be made specific to areas, the mode of propulsion used, engine power or speed, recreational towing activities or specified areas in which a permit is required in order to hold a sporting or recreational event.

Shortly before engine restarts are prevented, the speed of the vehicle shall not exceed 50 km/h.

cycle D(1): engines with constant speed and intermittent load such as generating sets;

(b) the following sections shall be added: "1.5". Defeat device" means a device which measures, senses or responds to operating variables (e.g. vehicle speed, engine speed, gear used, temperature, intake pressure or any other parameter) for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any component or function of the emission control system such that the effectiveness of the emission control system is reduced under conditions encountered during normal vehicle use unless the use of such a device is substantially included in the applied emission certification test procedure.

2.28". Defeat Device" means any element of engine or vehicle design which measures or senses vehicle speed, engine speed, gear used, temperature, intake pressure or any other parameter, with a view to activating, modulating delaying or deactivating the operation of any component of the emission control system so that the effectiveness of the emission control system is reduced under conditions encountered in normal vehicle use.

The reductions achieved so far are mainly based on technological developments (in particular the introduction of High Speed Direct Injection Diesel (HDI) Engines, to less extent by the introduction of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines, Continuously Variable Transmission, "Mini Cars" and Dual Fuelled Vehicles).