Guidelines and Measures for the Prohibition and Prevention of Torture, Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Africa | Robben Island Guidelines | RIG [Abbr.]

correlation of the recognition of degradation with intelligibility measurements | CORODIM [Abbr.]

biological degradation [ biodegradation | biological breakdown | biological decomposition | biological decay | biological deterioration | degradation ]

vignetted halftone | vignette halftone | vignetted

permissive waste

fail soft | graceful degradation

Definition: This category differs from others in that it includes disorders identifiable on the basis of not only symptoms and course but also the existence of one or other of two causative influences: an exceptionally stressful life event producing an acute stress reaction, or a significant life change leading to continued unpleasant circumstances that result in an adjustment disorder. Although less severe psychosocial stress ( life events ) may precipitate the onset or contribute to the presentation of a very wide range of disorders classified elsewhere in this chapter, its etiological importance is not always clear and in each case wi ...[+++]ll be found to depend on individual, often idiosyncratic, vulnerability, i.e. the life events are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the occurrence and form of the disorder. In contrast, the disorders brought together here are thought to arise always as a direct consequence of acute severe stress or continued trauma. The stressful events or the continuing unpleasant circumstances are the primary and overriding causal factor and the disorder would not have occurred without their impact. The disorders in this section can thus be regarded as maladaptive responses to severe or continued stress, in that they interfere with successful coping mechanisms and therefore lead to problems of social functioning.

smooth shading | smooth gradation

Land degradation, including desertification and drought || Move towards a land-degradation-neutral world Could include prevention of land degradation and restoration of degraded or contaminated land || Protect soils Could include soil quality, soil erosion, soil organic matter and fertile land maintenance || Prevent and mitigate drought Could include river basin and drought risk planning, water efficiency measures || || ||

However more detailed and comparable information on the extent and significance of the degradation processes, as well as on the most appropriate soil management practices and soil protection measures, is necessary to improve the prevention of degradation processes for the future.

32 (1) Where a substance that is capable of degrading the natural environment, injuring fauna, flora or cultural resources or endangering human health is discharged or deposited in a park, any person who has charge, management or control of the substance shall take reasonable measures to prevent any degradation of the natural environment and any danger to the fauna, flora or cultural resources or to persons that may result from the discharge or deposit.

‘degradation coefficient’ (Cdh) means the measure of efficiency loss due to cycling of heat pump space heaters or heat pump combination heaters; if Cdh is not determined by measurement then the default degradation coefficient is Cdh = 0,9.