14. Notes that most pollution in the marine environment originates from land-based sources, including but not limited to agricultural runoff and industrial emissions, which have an especially deleterious impact on closed and semi-enclosed seas; stresses that the EU must pay particular attention to these areas and take measures to limit and prevent further pollution; also considers that the new GMES technology (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) could be succ ...[+++]essfully used for that purpose;

75. Notes that most pollution in the marine environment originates from land-based sources, including but not limited to agricultural runoff and industrial emissions, which have an especially deleterious impact on closed and semi-enclosed seas; stresses that the EU must pay particular attention to these areas and take measures to limit and prevent further pollution; also considers that the new GMES technology (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) could be succ ...[+++]essfully used for that purpose;

Our society has, however, a great impact on the marine environment and its bio-diversity, especially by pollution, from industrial and domestic sources, of rivers, coastal waters and seas.

The main fields in which there have been failures to comply with the legislation either because it has not been transposed into national law or because the provisions of the Community legislation were not being complied with are the following: solid waste (three Member States were found by the Court of Justice in 2002 not to have introduced plans for waste management in accordance with the legislation on solid waste), water pollution by nitrates from agriculture (several adverse judgements from the Court of Justice), the treatment of urban waste water, water quality and, finally, compliance with the procedure for environmental impact ass ...[+++]essments for various public and private projects.

Research will focus on: identification of causal agents including contaminants, and physiological mechanisms, of environmental, and food-linked environmental hazards; understanding of exposure pathways, estimation of cumulative, low dose and combined exposures; long-term effects; definition and protection of susceptible sub-groups; environmental causes and mechanisms responsible for the increase in allergies; impact of endocrine disrupters; chronic chemical pollution and combi ...[+++]ned environmental exposures, transmission of illnesses linked to water (parasites, viruses, bacteria, etc.).

The increasing volume of traffic in and around Europe's cities is creating immense problems such as air pollution – including carbon dioxide emissions – damage to the environment and health, and road congestion, and is also having adverse effects on the use of resources and on road safety etc.