The International Standard Classification of Education (I S C E D 1997) covers the following levels: level 0 - pre-primary education; level 1 - primary education or first stage of basic education; level 2 - lower secondary or second stage of basic education; level 3 - (upper) secondary education; level 4 - post-secondary non-tertiary education; level 5 - first stage of tertiary education; level 6 - second stage of tertiary education.

Despite some significant progress over the last decade, rates of early school leaving in Europe - i.e. the number of 18-24 year olds with only lower secondary education or less, and no longer in education or training - are still too high and constitute an urgent and serious problem in many EU countries.

19. Advocates flexible, needs-based forms of learning at schools and stresses that this challenge must be addressed in particular by primary schools and in the early years of secondary schooling by means of early intervention, stronger bonds to be fostered with schools, and other measures; takes the view that teaching staff, educational psychologists, educational social workers and all relevant stakeholders should be qualified for this purpose and benefit from a high standard of training throughout their careers so as to enable them to reorient their practice and hence gear it to the new requirements and to be actively involved in the p ...[+++]lanning, organising, performing and evaluating of strategies to help people who are at risk of early school leaving or those who have already dropped out; therefore points out that education and vocational training institutions must exchange experiences and tried and tested practice and develop effective means of support for pupils in danger of dropping out;

master in vocational education ("majster odbornej výchovy"), which represents education of a total duration of at least 12 years, comprising 8 years of basic education, 4 years of vocational education (complete vocational secondary education and/or apprenticeship in the relevant (similar) vocational training or apprenticeship course), professional experience of a total duration of at least 3 years in the field of the person's completed education or apprenticeship and supplementary pedagogical study at the faculty of pedagogy or at the technical universities, or complete secondary education and apprenticeship in the relevant (similar) voc ...[+++]ational training or apprenticeship course, professional experience of a total duration of at least 3 years in the field of the person's completed education or apprenticeship, and additional study of pedagogy at the faculty of pedagogy, or by 1 September 2005 specialised education in the field of special pedagogy provided for in the methodology centres for masters in vocational education at the special schools without supplementary pedagogical study.

which represents education of a total duration of 12 years if involving full secondary technical education in the restoration course, or 10 to 12 years of study in a related course, plus 5 years of professional experience in the case of full secondary technical education completed by the "maturitní zkouška" exam, or 8 years of professional experience in the case of secondary technical education ending with the final apprenticeship exam. - restorer of works of art that are not monuments and are held in the collections of museums and galleries, and of other objects of cultural value ("restaurátor děl výtvarných umění, která nejsou památkam ...[+++]i a jsou uložena ve sbírkách muzeí a galerií, a ostatních předmětů kulturní hodnoty"),

5. which represents 8 years of elementary education and 4 years of secondary vocational education, with rail transport specialisation, as well as a course preparing for work as a train dispatcher of 45 days and passing the qualification examination, or which represents 8 years of elementary education and 5 years of secondary vocational education with rail transport specialisation, as well as a course preparing for work as a train dispatcher of 63 days and passing the qualification examination.