- for the undercutting calculations SWR were grouped according to the number of wires and the number of strands in a rope, the construction type of the rope and its diameter.

(28) Whereas, in order to ensure that the smooth operation of contractual arrangements is not called into question by the intervention of outsiders holding rights in individual parts of the programme, provision should be made, through the obligation to have recourse to a collecting society, for the exclusive collective exercise of the authorization right to the extent that this is required by the special features of cable retransmission; whereas the authorization right as such remains intact and only the exercise of this right is reg ...[+++]ulated to some extent, so that the right to authorize a cable retransmission can still be assigned; whereas this Directive does not affect the exercise of moral rights;

Cable retransmission of broadcasts is governed by copyright and related rights in the Member States and by agreements between copyright owners, holders of related rights and cable operators.

The retransmission of broadcasts by cable is an act covered by copyright, i.e. an act subject to the authorization of the right owners. In the case of the simultaneous, unaltered and unabridged retransmission of a programme by cable, it is impossible for the cable operator to acquire in advance the necessary rights because he does not have the required information on the content and the identity of the owners of the rights in the programme retransmitted.

Bill S-7 allows the reimbursement of intervener costs, which is not currently allowed under the drafting of the broadcasting legislation. All the bill does is say " Pay the interveners because it is right, in today's society, that the voice of the consumer, the voice of the person who pays monthly for his or her cable fee, has a right to be heard" .

In other words, the Community initiative will confine itself to eliminating the weaknesses the system has exhibited in the past. The problem here is "outside interests" (holders of rights who claim not to have been represented when the comprehensive agreement was negotiated and prevent a programme being put out), negotiations which lead nowhere and the question of whether exclusive rights can be acquired when original programmes broadcast by satellite are picked up and put out on cable (a) Outside interests There are two mechanisms whereby the acquisition of cable rights could be "channelled" and cable operators given legal security: eit ...[+++]her corporate management companies could be given the mandatory and exclusive right to authorize cable relays or collective agreements could be extended to cover unrepresented rights holders.