By creating closer links between skills demanders and education providers, a KIC would promote joint post-graduate degrees, post-graduate professional training and industrial ‘real-life’ courses.

While in the past the initiatives often focused mainly on the university level, the new developments lead to a widening or re-orientation of existing approaches and also to new initiatives covering post-graduate programmes as well.

4. Is of the opinion that more action is needed in order to overcome the under-representation of women, particularly in scientific academic circles; to this end, recommends that direct support measures and grants be provided to encourage women to fill senior positions, as well as grants for programmes of coaching and mentoring, thereby helping young women to stay in scientific academic activities, carrying out research and participating in grant applications and projects and ensuring at the same time their own mobility and flexibility and that of their families;

To support the retention and further development of scientific competence and human capacity in order to guarantee the availability of suitably qualified researchers, engineers, physicists, psychologists specialising in organisational systems, and employees in the nuclear sector as quickly as possible, in particular by maintaining educational efforts in universities with an emphasis on organising joint post-graduate studies in the fields of nuclear engineering and radiation protection; and to promote safety as a priority .

(7) The College of Europe, providing postgraduate courses in law, economics, politics, social sciences and humanities with a European dimension, the European University Institute, contributing to the development of European cultural and scientific heritage by means of higher education and research, the European Institute of Public Administration, training national and European civil servants in the field of European integration, the Academy of European Law in Trier, providing university-level training of European law professionals and users, the European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation, providing a European M ...[+++]asters degree and Advanced Internships and other education, training and research services in promotion of human rights and democratisation, the European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education, working to improve the quality of education for pupils with special needs and to foster sustainable European cooperation in this field, and the International Centre for European Training, providing teaching, training and research on issues of Europeanisation, globalisation, federalism, regionalism and the transformation of contemporary social structures, constitute bodies pursuing aims of general European interest.

However, the minimum duration of the university course may be three and a half years where the course is followed by a period of theoretical and practical training of at least one year and includes a training period of at least six months in a pharmacy open to the public, corroborated by an examination at university level.