1. Member States shall, jointly or individually, either nominate or establish a body or bodies as their national supervisory authority in order to assume the tasks assigned to such authority under this Regulation and under the measures referred to in Article 3.

1. Member States shall, jointly or individually, either nominate or establish a body or bodies as their national supervisory authority in order to assume the tasks assigned to such authority under this Regulation and under the measures referred to in Article 3.

At the state level, ten states have abandoned joint and several liability. A number of others have adopted proportionate liability generally, but with exceptions.

In the United Kingdom, for example, the Law Commission recently undertook a feasibility study of whether the present system of joint and several liability ought be replaced by a system of proportionate liability.

In the United States, in 1995, Congress enacted into law a securities statute which retains joint and several liability only for perpetrating or knowing of securities fraud.

In every case the agenda should be organized so as to focus on matters of common interest; - in appropriate cases the Associated countries will be invited through an agreed mechanism publicly to align themselves jointly with European Union declarations on a particular subject; - when certain démarches are made by the Troika, Associated countries could be invited to support them; - the Associated countries could be invited to associate themselves jointly with the implementation of joint actions, if appropriate; - co-operation with the Associated countries in international organizations and in the run-up to and during international con ...[+++]ferences should be intensified.