14. Urges the Commission to adopt and implement the new Real Driving Emissions test cycle without any further delay, and to bring it into force for regulatory purposes; welcomes the report on the reduction of pollutant emissions from road vehicles (the Deß report, A8‑0270/2015) adopted by Parliament’s Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety on 23 September 2015, and in particular the requirement that the Commission ‘introduce a real driving emissions test for all vehicles type-approved or registered from 2015 to ensure the effectiveness of emission control systems and enable the vehicle to comply with this Regulation ...[+++] and its implementing measures, with a conformity factor reflecting only the possible tolerances of the emissions measurement procedure in place by 2017’; urges the Member States and the Commission to swiftly come to an agreement on a framework for the test cycle on that basis;

21. Considers that the upcoming review of the Type Approval Framework Directive must consider expanding and specifying the conformity-of-production requirements in order to ensure that a sufficient and representative sample of new models taken off production lines at random are tested on an annual basis, using RDE tests to check their compliance with EU pollutant and CO2 limit values; calls, furthermore, for improved in-service testing of vehicles already in use on the road, also on the basis of the RDE procedure, in order to verify the in-service confor ...[+++]mity of vehicles at different mileages as required under the regulation; calls for the improvement of on-road surveillance through periodic technical inspections to identify and repair vehicles which are found not to be in compliance with EU law;

‘temporary-use spare tyre’ means a tyre different from a tyre intended to be fitted to any vehicle for normal driving conditions but intended only for temporary-use under restricted driving conditions;

The test conditions shall be selected in such a way that they all occur in the course of normal driving as represented by the Type I test. If the failure cannot be reliably detected under the Type I test conditions, the manufacturer may propose supplemental test conditions that do allow robust detection of the failure to be agreed with the technical service to the satisfaction of the approval authority.

In its CARS 2020 Communication, the Commission noted the shortcoming of the current procedures and committed to a new test procedure in the type-approval framework to assess NOx emissions of light-duty vehicles under real-world driving conditions.[6] Real driving emissions (RDE) of NOx will be recorded and communicated as from the mandatory Euro 6 dates (in 2014) and, no more than three years later the RDE procedure will be applied for type approval, together with robust not-to-exceed (NTE) emission limits.

‘airspace restriction’ means a defined volume of airspace within which, variously, activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may be conducted at specified times (a ‘danger area’); or such airspace situated above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions (a ‘restricted area’); or airspace situated above the land areas or t ...[+++]erritorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited (a ‘prohibited area’);