‘crime connected with nuclear and radioactive substances’ means the criminal offences listed in Article 7(1) of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, signed at Vienna and New York on 3 March 1980, and relating to the nuclear and/or radioactive materials defined in Article 197 of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Community and in Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation

The new Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities is aimed at ensuring effective physical protection during the use, storage or transport of materials used for peaceful purposes, as well as preventing and fighting crime associated with this material and these facilities.

The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities seeks to protect nuclear material and facilities and to set out penalties for breaches in this field.

EUROPA - EU law and publications - EUR-Lex - EUR-Lex - l27080 - EN - Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities

In terms of the material in the United States, you're quoting information about material accounting.

Promote and develop safeguards projects with three major objectives: training of inspectors and plant operators, accountability of nuclear material and implementation of measures at plant level to prevent illicit trafficking.