single-acting piston compressor | single-acting reciprocating compressor

double-acting piston compressor | double-acting reciprocating compressor

crankshaft piston reciprocating compressor

reciprocating compressor [ positive-displacement reciprocating compressor | reciprocating machine | positive-displacement piston compressor ]

22. Notes that ADR mechanisms often depend on the trader's willingness to cooperate, and believes that the availability of an effective judicial redress system would act as a strong incentive for parties to agree to out-of-court settlements, which is likely to obviate the need for a considerable number of cases, thereby reducing the volume of litigation; encourages the setting-up of ADR schemes at European level so as to make for fast and cheap settlement of disputes as a more attractive option to court proceedings; stresses however, that these mechanisms should remain, as the name indicates, merely an ...[+++]alternative to, not a precondition for, judicial redress;

25. Notes that ADR mechanisms often depend on the trader's willingness to cooperate, and believes that the availability of an effective judicial redress system would act as a strong incentive for parties to agree an out-of-court settlement, which is likely to avoid a considerable amount of litigation; encourages the setting-up of ADR schemes at European level so as to allow fast and cheap settlement of disputes as a more attractive option than court proceedings, and suggests that judges performing the preliminary admissibility check for a collective action should also have the power to order the parties involved to first seek a collecti ...[+++]ve consensual resolution of the claim before launching collective court proceedings; believes that the criteria developed by the Court should be the starting point for the establishment of this power; stresses, however, that these mechanisms should remain, as the name indicates, merely an alternative to judicial redress, not a precondition therefor;

Above all, I think the timing and complexity of solutions is important, because you have evoked a wide range of solutions here, but it is quite clear that solutions that may involve some new European-level judicial mechanisms will clearly take far longer and potentially be more controversial than picking up some of the alternative dispute resolution measures or also using the existing consumer cooperation measures that have been pu ...[+++]t in place.