All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units blast furnace, hot metal treatment units, blast furnace blowers, blast furnace hot stoves, basic oxygen furnace, secondary metallurgy units, vacuum ladles, casting units (including cutting), slag treatment unit, burden preparation, BF gas treatment unit, dedusting units, scrap pre-heating, coal drying for PCI, vessels preheating stands, casting ingots preheating stands, compressed air production, dust treatment unit (briquetting), sludge treatment unit (briquetting), steam injection in BF unit, steam generation plant, converter BOF gas cooling and miscellaneous are included

Coal used for steam raising purposes and includes all bituminous coal that is neither included under coking coal nor anthracite.

37. Notes that the impact of Indian growth on global demand for energy raises concerns for energy security; notes that India still suffers severe energy shortages and is over-dependent on oil and coal, both expensive and polluting fossil fuels; notes that India's efforts to secure gas supplies and develop nuclear energy are two concrete results of this state of affairs; notes that even if India did develop nuclear energy, it would meet less than 5% of its electricity and only 2% of its total energy requirements; considers that efforts to develop nuclear energy would also be a climbdown from the Gleneagles G8 pledges to halt climate c ...[+++]hange and promote energy conservation; considers that, if not reversed, environmental degradation threatens to become a major impediment to India's future economic development;

Immediate/Short-termLonger term | Reduction in demand (e.g. smaller engines)Advanced high-efficiency ICEsImproved hybrid electric designs with petrol, diesel, biodieselBio-diesel; bio-ethanolCo-processing of biomass with fossil fuelsSynthetic fuels from gas/coal-Fischer-TropschBiofuels from ligno-cellulosic feedstocksElectric vehicles (EVs) with advanced battery electricity storageHydrogen with fuel cellsAir transport: hydrogen/gas turbine | Low/medium temperature solar thermal applications for hot water, heating, cooling, industrial processesCombined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT)Nuclear fission (Gen III/III+)Wind energy (including offshore/deep offshore)System integration (grid issues)Solid biomassFuel cells (SOFC, MCFC)Geothermal energy (including deep geother ...[+++]mal – HDR/HFR)Carbon capture and storage (CCS)Cleaner use of coal (steam/gas turbine, combined cycle) with CCSAdvanced fossil fuel plants (super/ultra-supercritical steam; Integrated Gasification CC (IGCC), with CCSSolar photovoltaic (PV)Solar thermal power plantsOcean energy (wave, sea current)Nuclear fission – Generation IVNuclear fusion |

A very small number of coal, oil or gas fired steam craft are constructed in the EU each year by or for enthusiasts.

(24) The question whether the proposed concentration will hinder or eliminate competition in the German market for the sale of hard coal must be examined against the background of the subsidy rules for German hard coal intended for electricity generation (power station coal), which are set to change in 1996, and in the light of RAG's position in the sale of domestic and imported coal arising out of the concentration.