When imposing cost-oriented access prices, NRAs may continue to apply beyond 31 December 2016 the costing methodology that they use at the time of entry into force of this Recommendation, if it meets the objectives of the recommended costing methodology as set out in recitals 25 to 28 and satisfies the following criteria: (i) if not modelling an NGA network, it should reflect a gradual shift from a copper network to an NGA network; (ii) it should apply an asset valuation method that takes into account that certain civil infrastructure assets would not be replicated in the competitive process; (iii) it should be accompanied by documented projections of copper network prices sho ...[+++]wing that they will not fluctuate significantly and therefore will remain stable over a long time period and that the alternative methodology meets the objective of regulatory transparency and predictability as well as the need to ensure price stability; and (iv) it should require only minimal modifications with respect to the costing methodology already in place in that Member State in order to meet the first three criteria.

It then models the efficient network required to meet the expected demand, and assesses the related costs using a theoretical network-engineering model, for the purpose of calculating the cost on the basis of an efficient network using the latest technology employed in large-scale networks.

The BU LRIC + methodology calculates the current costs on a forward-looking basis (i.e. based on up-to-date technologies, expected demand, etc.) that an efficient network operator would incur to build a modern network today, one able to provide all required services.

The Dublin public transport network has not kept pace with demand, leading to increased congestion and demand for development on peripheral greenfield sites.

This figure corresponds approximately to Elf's motorway network (85 stations), after deducting the stations located on the outskirts of urban areas which are probably more subject to competitive pressure from local non-motorway service stations.

Since 2005, the natural gas distribution sector has invested over $25 billion in this extensive Canadian national network. This is between $2 billion and $3 billion a year to ensure the safe, secure and reliable operation and maintenance of this existing system.