Furthermore, a resolution financing system that is funded solely on the basis of insured deposits would unfairly penalise smaller and more specialised deposit taking institutions to the advantage of larger, universal banks that have a more diversified balance sheet structure and are potentially more systemically important.

However, with the PSD this provision would create an unlevel playing field, as payment institutions and banks are allowed to branch out into other services (although only banks and e-money institutions are permitted to issue e-money).

(33) The precise accounting technique to be used for the calculation of own funds, their adequacy for the risk to which a credit institution is exposed, and for the assessment of the concentration of exposures should take account of the provisions of Council Directive 86/635/EEC of 8 December 1986 on the annual accounts and consolidated accounts of banks and other financial institutions , which incorporates certain adaptations of the provisions of Seventh Council Directive 83/349/EEC of 13 June 1983 on consolidated accounts or of Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002 on the application ...[+++] of international accounting standards , whichever governs the accounting of the credit institutions under national law.

Exposures to central governments and central banks, institutions and corporates where credit institutions use own estimates of LGDs or conversion factors for the calculation of risk-weighted exposure amounts shall be disclosed separately from exposures for which the credit institutions do not use such estimates;

1. Until expiry of the deadline imposed for the application in national law of the Directives supplementing Directive 78/660/EEC as regards the harmonization of the rules governing the annual accounts of banks and other financial institutions and insurance undertakings, a Member State may derogate from the provisions of this Directive concerning the layout of consolidated accounts, the methods of valuing the items included in those accounts and the information to be given in the notes on the accounts:

Whereas the activities of patent buying and licensing companies are conducted as part of the exploitation of inventions and are distinct from the activities usually conducted by banks and other financial institutions ; whereas, therefore, although falling within Group 620 of the ISIC Nomenclature, such activities do not come within the scope of Council Directive No 73/183/EEC (4) of 28 June 1973 on the abolition of restrictions on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in respect of self-employed activities of banks ...[+++] and other financial institutions;