In order to reach the objective as outlined above, which is to provide the bench with technical expertise of a general kind, a limited number of assistant rapporteurs covering the basic divisions of technology such as one for each of the following seven fields would seem appropriate: inorganic chemistry and materials science, organic and polymer chemistry, biochemistry and biotechnology, general physics, mechanical engineering, information and communication technology, electrical engineering.

[26] CEN: European Committee for Standardization; ISO: International Organization for Standardization SAE: Society of Automotive Engineers; IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute

1. Understands that biotechnology has different meanings for different people; it encompasses a collection of scientific techniques that are used to create or modify plants, animals and organisms, which can range from brewing to modern day transgenic plants; for the purpose of this resolution, the term biotechnology is used to mean the application of scientific technology to living organisms as well as parts, products and models thereof, in order to alter living or non-living materials to obtain knowledge, goods and services; it is a body of methods and techniques that employ as tools the living cells of organisms or part or products ...[+++]of those cells (such as genes and enzymes); biotechnology includes modern biotechnology techniques such as genetic engineering technology, but does not exclusively relate to transgenic technology, which is used to create GMOs;

Research is focusing on two areas in particular, namely xenotransplantation and tissue and organ engineering, including the use of stem cells for therapeutic purposes.

Emissions to air (greenhouse gases, acidifying agents, volatile organic compounds, ozone depleting substances, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, fine particulate and suspended particulate matter) without prejudice to Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery

[9] Genetic engineering can be defined as a technique involving the introduction of changes to the DNA molecule of a living organism without the intervention of natural means of reproduction.