Definition: This block contains a wide variety of disorders that differ in severity and clinical form but that are all attributable to the use of one or more psychoactive substances, which may or may not have been medically prescribed. The third character of the code identifies the substance involved, and the fourth character specifies the clinical state. The codes should be used, as required, for each substance specified, but it should be noted that not all fourth character codes are applicable to all substances. Identification of the psychoactive substance should be based on as many sources of information as possible. These include self-report data, analysis of blood and other body fluids, characteristic physical and psychological symptom ...[+++]s, clinical signs and behaviour, and other evidence such as a drug being in the patient's possession or reports from informed third parties. Many drug users take more than one type of psychoactive substance. The main diagnosis should be classified, whenever possible, according to the substance or class of substances that has caused or contributed most to the presenting clinical syndrome. Other diagnoses should be coded when other psychoactive substances have been taken in intoxicating amounts (common fourth character .0) or to the extent of causing harm (common fourth character .1), dependence (common fourth character .2) or other disorders (common fourth character .3-.9). Only in cases in which patterns of psychoactive substance-taking are chaotic and indiscriminate, or in which the contributions of different psychoactive substances are inextricably mixed, should the diagnosis of disorders resulting from multiple drug use (F19.-) be used. | Modifiers The following fourth-character subdivisions are for use with categories F10-F19: Code Title .0 Acute intoxication A condition that follows the administration of a psychoactive substance resulting in disturbances in level of consciousness, cognition, perception, affect or behaviour, o ...

autoptic evidence | demonstrative evidence | mathematical evidence | objective evidence | objective fact evidence | real evidence | tangible evidence | tangible exhibit

derivative evidence | reported evidence | second-hand evidence | substitutionary evidence | unoriginal evidence

weight of evidence | weight of evidence approach | weight-of-evidence | weight-of-evidence analysis | weight-of-the-evidence analysis | WOE [Abbr.]

evidence-based approach in primary care | evidence-based medicine in general practice | evidence-based approach in general practice | evidence-based approach in medical care

Definition: Dissociative stupor is diagnosed on the basis of a profound diminution or absence of voluntary movement and normal responsiveness to external stimuli such as light, noise, and touch, but examination and investigation reveal no evidence of a physical cause. In addition, there is positive evidence of psychogenic causation in the form of recent stressful events or problems.

evidence in contradiction [ rebuttal evidence | evidence in rebuttal | proof of a rebutting case | rebutting evidence | evidence in reply | reply evidence ]

Definition: A disorder characterized by impairment of memory, learning difficulties, and reduced ability to concentrate on a task for more than brief periods. There is often a marked feeling of mental fatigue when mental tasks are attempted, and new learning is found to be subjectively difficult even when objectively successful. None of these symptoms is so severe that a diagnosis of either dementia (F00-F03) or delirium (F05.-) can be made. This diagnosis should be made only in association with a specified physical disorder, and should not be made in the presence of any of the mental or behavioural disorders classified to F10-F99. The disorder may precede, accompany, or follow a wide variety of infections and physical disorders, both cerebral and systemic, b ...[+++]ut direct evidence of cerebral involvement is not necessarily present. It can be differentiated from postencephalitic syndrome (F07.1) and postconcussional syndrome (F07.2) by its different etiology, more restricted range of generally milder symptoms, and usually shorter duration.

But pure eyewitness evidence is extremely rare.

The longer the lag time, the less likely the police will locate other evidence physical evidence, eyewitness evidence, evidence of motive, evidence of means, evidence of opportunity, or even evidence of alibi.

As I recall, the Law Reform Commission of Canada, many years ago — back in 1982 or 1983 — determined in subsequent court judgments that eyewitness evidence is inherently unreliable.

As I recall, the Law Reform Commission of Canada, many years ago — back in 1982 or 1983 — determined in subsequent court judgments that eyewitness evidence is inherently unreliable.