bicycle commuter [ bike commuter | commuter cyclist ]

bicycle commuter | bike commuter | commuter cyclist

apron for cyclists and motor-cyclists

commuter | commuter airline | commuter transportation | feederliner | third-level airline

commuter railway [ commuter railroad | suburban railroad | suburban commuter rail | commuter rail | commuter rail transit system ]

commuter aircraft [ regional airliner | passenger commuter aircraft | commuterliner | feederliner | commuter | feeder-liner | feeder aircraft | commuter passenger aircraft | feed liner ]

cross-border commuter | frontier worker | frontier commuter | person with a cross-border commuter permit

E. whereas European towns and cities should be able to choose from a wide range of flexible instruments so as to put together a tailor-made policy mix in order to provide integrated, sustainable, socially effective and economically viable solutions to their specific mobility problems; whereas better logistical solutions and a shift towards more sustainable transport modes must be sought in all transport modes and areas (pedestrians, cyclists, public and private passenger transport, freight distribution, and services) to provide for good accessibility to city centres and smooth traffic flows, which are of great importance for residents, ...[+++]visitors, commuters, producers and suppliers of goods and services - particularly SMEs; whereas special attention should be paid to the interoperability of the instruments chosen so as to enable authorities at a later stage to enforce road traffic offences related to urban areas on a cross-border basis,

E. whereas European towns and cities should be able to choose from a wide range of flexible instruments so as to put together a tailor-made policy mix in order to provide integrated, sustainable, socially effective and economically viable solutions to their specific mobility problems; whereas better logistical solutions and a shift towards more sustainable transport modes must be sought in all transport modes and areas (pedestrians, cyclists, public and private passenger transport, freight distribution, and services) to provide for good accessibility to city centres and smooth traffic flows, which are of great importance for residents, ...[+++]visitors, commuters, producers and suppliers of goods and services - particularly SMEs; whereas special attention should be paid to the interoperability of the instruments chosen so as to enable authorities at a later stage to enforce road traffic offences related to urban areas on a cross-border basis,

E. whereas European towns and cities should be able to choose from a wide range of flexible instruments so as to put together a tailor-made policy mix in order to provide integrated, sustainable, socially effective and economically viable solutions to their specific mobility problems; whereas better logistical solutions and a shift towards more sustainable transport modes must be sought in all transport modes and areas (pedestrians, cyclists, public and private passenger transport, freight distribution, and services) to provide for good accessibility of city centres and smooth traffic flows, which is of great importance for residents, ...[+++]visitors, commuters, producers and suppliers of goods and services - particularly SMEs; whereas special attention should be paid to the interoperability of the instruments chosen so as to enable authorities at a later stage to enforce road traffic offences related to urban areas on a cross-border basis,

Participants were selected according to well-defined criteria: non-smokers unexposed to traffic (control group), smokers, people using private transport, public transport commuters, cyclists and walkers.