NATO has argued that not only does its humanitarian intervention meet all of these conditions, but that the UN Charter and the doctrine of state sovereignty cannot be used as a cover for the killing of one's own citizens; that the Security Council and recent international jurisprudence from the International Criminal Tribunal regarding the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda have determined that the doctrine of humanitarian intervention applies to internal as well as to international conflict; that the cases of intervention in Haiti, Somalia, Rwanda and Iraq only reinforce this view; and, most important, that the UN Security Council has dete ...[+++]rmined under its Chapter VII authority that the Kosovo situation constitutes a threat to international peace and security and, by a 12-3 vote, overwhelmingly rejected a resolution that the bombing was illegal.

(Return tabled) Question No. 1306 Hon. Irwin Cotler: With regard to the crisis in Syria: (a) what criteria does the government use to determine (i) whether to intervene, (ii) when to intervene, (iii) the nature and scope of any intervention; (b) who makes the determination in (a) and how; (c) what sources does the government rely upon in determining (a); (d) what legal obligations are considered with respect to (a) and in what ways does the Responsibility to Protect doctrine factor into decision making under (a); (e) in what ways has the government evaluated its obligations under the Responsibility to Protect doctrine with respect to ...[+++] Syria; (f) when were such evaluations done, by whom, and with what outcome; (g) have the criteria by which the government determines its official policy towards the crisis in Syria changed since 2012; (h) when the Minister of Foreign Affairs publicly expressed his support for an indictment of Bashar al-Assad by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2012, was this the position of the government and does it remain the position of the government that al-Assad ought to be indicted by the ICC; (j) with respect to Canada’s decision not to sign on to the request of 57 countries made in January, 2013, to ask the Security Council to refer the situation in Syria to the ICC, did Canada support this request; (k) with respect to (j), when, why, how, and by whom were the determinations made in this regard, and when was Canada approached to join in this endeavor and by what means; (l) what criteria were applied in determining whether to support this effort; (m) are there any specific policies or directives within the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade that guide decision-making with regard to Canadian intervention in situations of humanitarian crisis; (n) was the decision not to sign the Swiss-led letter asking the United Nations Security Council to refer the situation in Syria to the ICC made by the Minister of Fore ...

The amendments are also consistent with research on persistent and violent young offenders, and as such offer the criminal justice system an evidence-based and appropriate response to these types of offenders.

Such a Letter of Rights should be provided promptly to each arrested person when deprived of liberty by the intervention of law enforcement authorities in the context of criminal proceedings.

Finally, there is in Sweden [218] a procedure for imposing penalties without the intervention of a court (stafföreläggande), which is used for minor offences such as driving under the influence of alcohol and petty theft.

(10) The involvement of specialised services and victim support groups before, during and after criminal proceedings is important.