currency substitution

monetary policy [ currency reform | currency situation | money policy ]

European Monetary System [ EMS | monetary snake ]

surrogate endpoint [ surrogate marker | surrogate end point | surrogate outcome | surrogate outcome measures ]

money market fund [ cash unit trust | money fund | money market mutual fund | money market unit trust ]

substitutional legacy

The objective of the E-Money Directive was to cover monetary value circulating as an electronic surrogate for coins and notes between separate individuals, either in an open communication network, such as Internet, or from one electronic device to another in face-to-face transactions.

A recipient who has obtained a substitute in money or kind in exchange for goods or digital content when the recipient did not know and could not be expected to have known of the ground for avoidance or termination may choose to return the monetary value of the substitute or the substitute.

5. Where the recipient has obtained a substitute in money or in kind in exchange for goods or digital content when the recipient knew or could be expected to have known of the ground for avoidance or termination, the other party may choose to claim the substitute or the monetary value of the substitute.

28. Agrees that the ECB’s action, which came in addition to structural reforms and the consolidation of public finances, has ‘decisively contributed to the stability of the euro area’; recognises that this action has had the effect of decreasing unsustainably high financing costs for some Member States through the Securities Market Programme (SMP) and providing a liquidity backstop for sovereign debt markets through Outright Monetary Transactions (OMTs), averting a melt-down of the banking sector and helping to sever the link between banks and sovereigns, limiting speculation on sovereign debt and temporarily reducing excessive spreads; considers, however, that a lack of sustainable growth and high (and still growing) levels of private an ...[+++]d public debt in many Member States mean that ’a carefully managed process of deleveraging’ is required; agrees with the Commission that the improvement of the health of the banking sector must remain a priority; welcomes the establishment by the Commission, according to thecommitment it made to Parliament in the declaration annexed to the two-pack, of the high-level group chaired by Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell to deepen the analysis on, and assess thoroughly the partial substitution of national debt issuance through joint issuance in the form of a redemption fund and eurobills, considering the pros and cons of the different options ; looks forward to the report of the high-level group;