Chronic immune deficiency syndrome | CIDS [Abbr.]

chronic immunity activation syndrom | CIAS [Abbr.]

Definition: This block contains a wide variety of disorders that differ in severity and clinical form but that are all attributable to the use of one or more psychoactive substances, which may or may not have been medically prescribed. The third character of the code identifies the substance involved, and the fourth character specifies the clinical state. The codes should be used, as required, for each substance specified, but it should be noted that not all fourth character codes are applicable to all substances. Identification of the psychoactive substance should be based on as many sources of information as possible. These include self-report data, analysis of blood and other body fluids, characteristic physical and psychological symptom ...[+++]s, clinical signs and behaviour, and other evidence such as a drug being in the patient's possession or reports from informed third parties. Many drug users take more than one type of psychoactive substance. The main diagnosis should be classified, whenever possible, according to the substance or class of substances that has caused or contributed most to the presenting clinical syndrome. Other diagnoses should be coded when other psychoactive substances have been taken in intoxicating amounts (common fourth character .0) or to the extent of causing harm (common fourth character .1), dependence (common fourth character .2) or other disorders (common fourth character .3-.9). Only in cases in which patterns of psychoactive substance-taking are chaotic and indiscriminate, or in which the contributions of different psychoactive substances are inextricably mixed, should the diagnosis of disorders resulting from multiple drug use (F19.-) be used. | Modifiers The following fourth-character subdivisions are for use with categories F10-F19: Code Title .0 Acute intoxication A condition that follows the administration of a psychoactive substance resulting in disturbances in level of consciousness, cognition, perception, affect or behaviour, o ...

Potential exposure of bystanders and residents to pesticides via the air might constitute an exposure route, which needs further attention by research and possibly also regulatory measures. Risks to human health and the environment consist of acute and/or chronic adverse effects on humans and on non-target species. Acute effects are mainly due to the high toxicity of certain PPPs. Chronic effects which might also affect the fitness of exposed populations include those due to bioaccumulation and persistence of substances, irreversible ...[+++]effects such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity, or adverse effects on the immune or endocrine systems of mammals, fishes or birds. It has to be noted that so far no active substance, which is classified in category I for any of these effects, has been included in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC, certainly not if such effects are to be expected at environmental concentrations and exposure conditions.

– plant protection products, including those in the neonicotinoid family (Clothianidin, Thiacloprid, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam), phenyl pyrazole (Fipronil), pyrethroids and active substances such as Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate, with lethal effects (mortality due to the acute or chronic toxicity of active substances in plant protection products) or sub-lethal effects (effects on the immune system or on behaviour of bees), directly or via contaminated water, droplet guttation ...[+++], nectar and pollen;

– conducting health analyses based on three factors: (i) syndromes and chronic exposures , (ii) interaction with toxic substances and mixes of substances, and (iii) analysis of genetic polymorphisms and immunology tests, including tests of transformation and lymphocytary activation.

– conducting health analyses based on three factors: (i) syndromes and chronic exposures, (ii) interaction with toxic substances and mixes of substances, and (iii) analysis of genetic polymorphisms and immunology tests, including tests of transformation and lymphocytary activation.