organization structure | corporate structure

business and information architectural platform

company structure [ organizational structure | business organization(UNBIS) ]

business process engineering

Company nurse

European Joint Undertaking [ ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking | BBI Joint Undertaking | Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking | Clean Sky Joint Undertaking | ECSEL Joint Undertaking | ENIAC Joint Undertaking | FCH Joint Undertaking | FCH JU | Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking | Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking | IMI Joint Undertaking | S2R Joint Undertaking | S2R JU | SESAR Joint Undertaking | Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking ]

organizational structure | corporate structure | organizational design

type of business [ firm | Legal form of organization(STW) | business enterprises(UNBIS) | corporations(UNBIS) ]

Subsequently, the Court has indicated the following indicators allowing to infer the imputability to the State of a measure taken by a public undertaking: (i) the fact that the undertaking in question could not take the contested decision without taking account of the requirements of the public authorities; (ii) the fact that, apart from factors of an organic nature which linked the public undertakings to the State, a public undertaking, through the intermediary of which aid had been granted, had to take account of directives issued by a central government body, i.e. Comitato Interministeriale per la Programmazione Economica (CIPE); (iii) integration of the public undertaking to the structures ...[+++] of the public administration of the State; (iv) the nature of the undertaking's activities and whether such activities are exercised out on the market in normal conditions of competition with private operators; (v) the legal status of the undertaking (in the sense of its being subject to public law or ordinary company law); (vi) the intensity of the supervision exercised by the public authorities over the management of the undertaking, or (vii) any other indicator showing, in the particular case, an involvement by the public authorities in the adoption of a measure or the unlikelihood of their not being involved, having regard also to the compass of the measure, its content or the conditions which it contains.

To preserve fully the interests of the shareholders of vertically integrated undertakings, Member States should have the choice of implementing ownership unbundling either by direct divestiture or by splitting the shares of the integrated undertaking into shares of the network undertaking and shares of the remaining supply and generation undertaking, provided that the requirements resulting from ownership unbundling are complied with.

To preserve fully the interests of the shareholders of vertically integrated undertakings, Member States should have the choice of implementing ownership unbundling either by direct divestiture or by splitting the shares of the integrated undertaking into shares of the network undertaking and shares of the remaining supply and generation undertaking, provided that the requirements resulting from ownership unbundling are complied with.

(11) Where the undertaking owning a transmission system is part of a vertically integrated undertaking, Member States should therefore be given a choice between ownership unbundling and, as a derogation, setting up system operators which are independent from supply and production interests.