In the case of branches of foreign companies, all capital for the initial investment must be provided from foreign sources.Borrowing from local sources is only permitted after the initial implementation of the project, for financing working capital requirements.ESinvestment in Spain by foreign government and foreign public entities (which tends to imply, besides economic, also non-economic interests to entity's part), directly or through companies or other entities controlled directly or indirectly by foreign governments, need prior authorisation by the government.FRforeign purchases exceeding 33,33 % of the shares of capital or voting rights in existing French enterprise, or 20 % ...[+++]in publicly quoted French companies, are subject to the following regulations:after a period of one month following prior notification, authorisation is tacitly granted for other investments unless the Minister of Economic Affairs has, in exceptional circumstances, exercised its right to postpone the investment.FRforeign participation in newly privatised companies may be limited to a variable amount, determined by the government of France on a case by case basis, of the equity offered to the public.FRfor establishing in certain commercial, industrial or artisanal activities, a specific authorisation is needed if the managing director is not holder of a permanent residence permit.ITexclusive rights may be granted or maintained to newly privatised companies.

Others will find a future through mergers or as divisions of larger companies.

This is the reason for the relatively large share of business-related services in foreign direct investment (66 % of total inward and outward investments); with business services (34 % of foreign direct investments in business-related services) and financial and insurance services (30 %) as the dominant sectors.

* Globalisation has created new opportunities for enterprises, but it also has increased their organisational complexity and the increasing extension of business activities abroad has led to new responsibilities on a global scale, particularly in developing countries.

However, notwithstanding the possible perceived discrimination by companies, Community law does not prevent Member States from discriminating against "their" own companies, or companies established on their territory, unless bias can be demonstrated discriminating against "foreign" owned sources, or the entry into the market of "foreign" new entrants.

This included introducing a European dimension to scientific careers, making Europe more attractive to researchers from the rest of the world, encouraging the return of those who have left to complete their training or pursue careers abroad; and bringing together the scientific communities, companies and researchers of Western and Eastern Europe.